Nursing Case Study On Cerebrovascular Accident

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Stroke is different from transient ischaemic attack (TIA) as its symptoms last longer than 24 hours and it carries an increased risk of mortality; diagnosis is supported by evidence of focal infarction or haemorrhage on imaging.

Conversely, a TIA is a dysfunction of vascular origin lasting less than 24 hours, with no evidence of infarction on imaging.

This article, the first of a five-part series on stroke, discusses definitions, epidemiology, risk factors and diagnosis to help nurses gain in-depth understanding of this complex condition.

Citation: Puthenpurakal A, Crussell J (2017) Stroke 1: definition, burden, risk factors and diagnosis.

The media have played a crucial role in raising public awareness of the personal and societal consequences of stroke.

Our society has become more cognisant of the function and complexity of the human brain, thanks to enhanced multidisciplinary and international communication, expanding research, increasing media coverage, and high-profile cases such as those of Andrew Marr and Sharon Stone.Most strokes occur in people over 40 years of age, but children are also affected.Approximately 400 childhood strokes occur in the UK each year (Stroke Association, 2017).To learn more or modify/prevent the use of cookies, see our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy.Stroke is a medical emergency, prompt diagnosis is crucial.In the UK, first-ever stroke affects about 230 people per 100,000 population each year and accounts for 11% of all deaths (Rothwell et al, 2005).In England and Wales alone, over 80,000 people are hospitalised with acute stroke each year (Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party, 2016).In the US, 795,000 strokes occur each year (Benjamin et al, 2017) while in the UK there are more than 100,000 (Royal College of Physicians, 2017).Worldwide, someone has a stroke every two seconds – in the UK it is every five minutes; in the US every 40 seconds – and worldwide, a stroke leading to death occurs every four minutes.Approximately 85% of strokes are due to cerebral infarction, 10% to primary haemorrhage and 5% to subarachnoid haemorrhage.The risk of recurrence is 26% within five years and 39% within 10 years of a first stroke (Mohan et al, 2011).